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Make use of figurative language, sensory particulars, and robust word selections to create a memorable description. You wouldn’t admire a cat description, by which Descriptive Essays Examples authors enchantment to style, would you? Students obtain vital effect by adding imagery and dynamic language to their drafts.
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The International Day of Persons with Disabilities(IDPD) is being celebrated across the globe on the 3rd of December.
The history of the day is dating back to 1992 when it was first proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly(UNGA). It is considered a huge step forward for humanity. As for centuries, disabled people have been discriminated, unable to work regular jobs, attend events, and even being in public.
1. The purpose of IDPD
The celebration aims to raise public awareness, acceptance, and understanding of people with disabilities across the globe and their contributions and achievements. It also seeks to show the benefits of the integration of people with disabilities in every aspect of life – political, economic, cultural, and social.
Each year the essence of the Day focuses on a different issue. In 2019 it is:
“Promoting the participation of persons with disabilities and their leadership.”
Which is paraphrased by many charity organizations in a much more easy-to-digest way:
“The Future is Accessible”
This phrase holds the message that we should all look towards and strive for a future where obstacles and barriers no longer stand in people’s way. That disabled people should be able to access the beach without ramps, enter a building without the obstruction of stairs, and live life without the fear of discrimination and pity.
2. Who Celebrates IDPD and How?
Who
The celebration isn’t just for people with disabilities. It is for everybody because we all hold responsibility for the future to come. We must all make sure that it’s going to be packed with equal opportunities for everybody to come.
Every year is a step forward to a more accepting and diverse community. Looking back to the beginning of the 20th century, we’ve made massive progress in this manner.
How
UN agencies, numerous civil society organizations, and private companies are supporting IDPD by donating to charities to organizations for people with disabilities. They are also engaged in arranging events and activities for the celebration.
It is a duty for all of us to raise awareness and be supportive of the movement.
International day for slavery is generally remembered on December 2nd of every year. December 2nd was introduced as world slavery abolition day from the year 1986. People use this day to speak out the troubles of modern slavery. Students used to write articles about the atrocities of modern slavery on this day. School students are generally asked to convey speech regarding the violation of human rights on December 2nd.
Currently, slavery abolition day observed on December 2nd is not a public holiday. Public awareness programs on human rights are generally done on this slavery abolition day. Speech and poster ads regarding the importance of conserving human rights are made on slavery abolition day.
Slavery not only devalues a human but also destroys his or her personal life for temporary or permanent time period. As per records, hundreds of children are found to be as victims of human trafficking for child labor and sexual exploitation. Hence it is the need of people to stand up against modern slavery.
Records say that hundreds of people are dying due to human trafficking each day. Slavery is not only an issue affecting one single nation instead it affects the entire globe. People doing research on human rights and anti slavery policies can definitely raise their questions against human trafficking.
Slavery is generally against article four of human rights conservation. Article four clearly specifies slavery as against law that violates human rights. Hence students, especially law students are making use of slavery abolition day to expose the needs of human rights so as to abolish human trafficking and other means of slavery from society.
Symbol against slavery is depicted as a projected globe centered on North pole. Globe is surrounded by olive leaves on both sides to highlight the symbol of peace. Globe contain all continents except Antartica and four lines of latitudes. It is generally shown as white colored globe in blue background UN flag.
World Aids Day is a day where people all around the world unite and gathers all their strengths to fight against HIV. It would usually be held on the 1st of December.
Besides that, people also would provide some moral support to those that are infected by HIV so that they would not lose hope in their life.
The first World Aids Day was held in the year of 1988 and it is considered to be the first health day that is being held globally. On a global scale, there are approximately 33 million people that are infected with the virus. Despite the fact that HIV was identified in 1984, a total of 35 million people have lost their life due to this virus which makes it one of the deadliest diseases ever recorded in history.
Currently, rapid scientific development has resulted in some forms of treatment for people that are infected with this virus to help them cope with it. Apart from that, laws are also being enforced to protect the people that are infected with this virus and we also have a lot more to understand about it. Even though a lot of things have been done to educate the public about this virus, there are still a lot of people that do not have the essential facts that are needed to protect themselves from this virus.
World Aids Day plays an important role in informing the public about this virus and reminding both the public as well as the government the fact that this virus is still a deadly virus that needed to watch out for. Hence, there is a crucial need to spread awareness and raise some funds so that we would be able to manage this virus in an improved way in the future.
Since from the year 2012, the day October 11 is being observing as International Day of the Girl Child across the world. This day stands for Girl’s empowerment, ensure their basic human rights and also to assist them to overcome challenges faces in their life as female. The aims are to secure proper female education, stop child marriage, violence against women, reduce inequality between men & women etc. It has been selected “Girl Force: Unscripted and Unstoppable” as the theme for International Day Girl Child 2019. On this day, the Girl Summit held at United Nations Headquarter every year bringing together the organizations working for girl’s improvement worldwide. Marches, special events, discussion forum etc. held all over the world to promote girls’ awareness and increase participation in business, social, economic, political and daily life. Now-a-days the concern to end all kinds of discrimination against girls both in home & outside of home is growing rapidly. People of every classes are getting aware on it.
CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Africa is known to be blessed with a lot of mineral resources, thus as a continent, wealth ought to be amassed by now. However, it seems that for a long time it seems Africa is hardly catching up with the west as the level of development is slow and hardly sustainable. This article is going to state some of the challenges impeding developments in Africa.
The first thing which appears to be a problem is unbridled corruption. For ages the word corruption has been used and overused which has reduced the effectiveness of the word and thus people hardly recognize when there is corruption and when it begins blooming beyond expectation. Africa has been blessed with resources which were initially lacking in the west and somehow because everyone is looking for a way to increase their pocket size, they decide to loot and instead of investing in the nation they seek to amass wealth for themselves. This has been a problem which has been openly criticized by many who are displeased by the trend, as it has come in the way of the development African nations dream to achieve. Anywhere corruption is, it is difficult for development to be sustained.
Extravagance of African Countries
Also, the extravagance which lies in African countries cannot go unnoticed. People would rather watch their countries die from penury than sacrifice their luxuries and unnecessary display of extravagance. This has limited the growth and development of many African countries. People would rather invest abroad than invest in their nations which would definitely decrease development. Individuals need to cut down on their frivolities and invest in their countries. They should also make great use of the resources and to a large extent stop depending on the west for everything. This way, development can be sustained.
Bad leadership has also been another challenge for most African countries. As we all know good leadership brings about development of a country and this covers all sectors of the country including the economy. However, Africa has had more of bad leaders who do not have the interest of the country at heart. This has led to the inability to preserve development as the leader makes every other person’s effort futile if he doesn’t have the will to sustain the little developments in the nation.
In conclusion, people say ignorance kills but I’ll say knowledge without effective application kills faster. Africa is blessed with resources which could make it one of the richest continents, however with the presence of corruption, unbridled corruption and bad leadership, sustaining development would be more of a dream never becoming a reality.
Sustainable development and its importance in Africa
What is Sustainable development? Sustainable development is a way to use natural resources without damaging the planet and its people, and at the same time contributing in the growth of a country’s economy. It focuses on using these natural resources in a way where today’s needs are met without harming the needs of tomorrow. The main idea of Sustainable development is to make sure the resources are properly utilized between the present and the future generations in order to lead a better quality of life for all. It is also a key to achieve social and environmental well-being of the people, and a stable economic growth for a country.
Why is Sustainable development important?
Africa is a developing nation and its economy is growing at a fast speed. It is a land with rich natural resources and minerals. For the prosperity of a country and its people, it is important to utilize the resources properly in right direction. By changing the way we think, work and use these resources we are contributing in sustainable development.
Furthermore, sustainable development makes sure the social progress of a person and encourages education to remove un-employment. It is an important system that will help in removing hunger and reduce poverty. It also makes sure the protection of environment and healthy lives for everyone. In order to achieve Sustainable development in Africa it is important to have a proper social, economic and environment balance.
This balance will help in protecting the natural resources and working towards the prosperity of people which will make sure that everyone is getting the basic needs of life, that is: food, water, sanitation, health, employment and energy. Every person, man or a woman has the right to live a healthy life in a clean and a safe environment. Sustainable development helps in getting this life by helping each other to prosper with the country and create a better future for the coming generations.
Why is world peace important?
When we hear about war, we think of something really far away and movie-like. We might even think it is fun, because we have never experienced one. But war is real and has many, many consequences: people lose their belonging, their families, their lives and everything they know of. Those that survive have to choose between living in fear and suffering because they are surrounded by violence, or abandoning everything that they know, even their families, and risking everything so they can hopefully move to another country. This drama that seems so far away to us, is the daily reality of many people in conflict zones.
Peace in Conflict zones
That is why it is so important to attain world peace and make peace in conflict zones. Not only there is always a better way to resolve conflict than creating war, fighting and suffering for the citizens, but also conflict creates a lot of instability and fear in the areas where it happens: consequences like lack of food and water, economic difficulties, a loss of a great amount of people among many others create a big problem not only in the countries where the conflict happens, but in many other areas who need to hurry to gather resources to help those people that they sometimes can’t properly help because they don’t have the means; putting those who want to help in a very complicated and difficult situation where they have to make a hard choice themselves.
All in all, conflict and war are both realities that are very painful and complicated for those living in them, and they have terrible, long-lasting effects in the countries where it happens and also in those wanting to help. To stop the difficulties that this people are suffering and prevent further problems, it is important to achieve world peace.
How can we maintain peace in our society?
Obviously, this is a very difficult question to answer. In order to maintain peace in our society, we actually need to create peace in the first place. As you probably know, there are a lot of current conflict zones in Africa, and while the number of active zones is falling year-on-year, a lot of work still needs to be done to create true peace. That being said, we have been very successful at maintaining peace in conflict zones when the combat has ceased.
Dialogue
What many people fail to realize is that peace in Africa is not a case of simply wishing for it. If that was the case, we would have had a peaceful planet for centuries now. In order to achieve peace in Africa, we need to be proactive in what we do. A lot of armed conflicts are solved through nothing more than discussions. Obviously, these discussions should not be ‘one sided’. Both sides need to gain something from the discussions, or it is not going to work. Days such as World Peace Day from the UN have worked incredibly hard to encourage people simply to talk.
Infrastructure investments
Once the fighting has been toned down a little, investment in certain areas has helped to maintain peace. After all, conflict is less likely to break out in developed areas. It is important that the money goes directly to the area, though. In the past, several countries have opted to give money to certain governments in Africa in the hope that it would filter down to the poorer regions. It doesn’t. This means that many aid workers are dealing with projects directly, often putting themselves in the ‘line of fire’ to improve the lives of people there for generations to come.
Awareness
All of this begins with awareness, though. Not hope. Awareness and an active desire to create peace. If everybody had an active desire to create peace on this planet, then we would have achieved it a long, long time ago.
WORLD PEACE DAY
Today sept 21st is world peace day and is celebrated by peace activist around the globe (but really who doesn’t want peace). From individuals to small groups to organizations and others all stand for one common goal; PEACE, this is when we are able to resolve our conflicts without violence and can work together to improve the quality our lives.
These are very troubled times we are living in, wars from the east to the west, Africa in turmoil, not least of all, the ongoing Anglophone crisis in the NW and SW Regions of Cameroon Uncountable lives have been lost to the tune of 10,000 persons. These persons were fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and friends to different people. Their lives were not less meaningful than others, nor did they commit crimes.
Women Peacemakers
For this year’s world peace day event, we decided to engage women in their role to play as peacemakers/peace-builders woman is the basic foundation of society, women feeling the pain more during this crisis affecting the English speaking regions of Cameroon, women in the bushes no underpaid during menstrual cycle, they are the ones that are being raped, their husbands and sons killed. women are breadwinners of their families and now being IDPs is so difficult for them especially those who have lost their husbands in the ongoing crises. We met up with about 70 women from different works of lives and different households, these women shared their experiences, their coping strategies during these hard times and also their vision and their expectations from the various stakeholders who are responsible for a pathway towards peace.
The workshop began very timidly as everybodyworld peace day cameroon was new, but as the introductions went on; you could get the feeling this was going to be an amazing event. One thing from the onset you could feel was the fact that all of these women had lost something during these crises, be it a husband, source of income, a relative, a friend, etc, and they all came in their number for one common reason. A PROBLEM SHARED IS HALF SOLVED.
International Day of Peace
The International Day of Peace, or World Peace Day as it is more commonly known, occurs annually on the 21st September. This United Nations event began back in 1981, and each year there is a specific theme attached to the day. In 2019, World Peace Day aims to boost awareness about climate change.
The day isn’t just about dealing with the ‘theme of the year’, though. It also aims to celebrate those who have worked hard to achieve peace around the world, and even to encourage ceasefires in certain conflicts. In fact, many conflict zones in Africa have seen permanent peace due to discussions that took place on World Peace Day. For those that haven’t seen permanent peace, the temporary ceasefire has at least allowed humanitarian workers to enter conflict zones to give much-needed medical assistance and food.
Promote Peace
The meaning of World Peace Day is to promote peace. It is about a coming together of ideas. The UN originally made the day to show that when we work together, there is a lot that we can accomplish. It isn’t just about bringing governments and various armies together to sort out their differences, though. It is also about making the normal person understand just how important peace in our time actually is. As a result, you will find several different events happening all over the world where people do activities to show respect for one another.
Working Towards Peace
So, really, International Peace Day is all about the world working towards peace. It is about people realizing that peace is not something which can happen overnight. It is not something that you can wish for. It is something that you need to physically work towards. If people don’t work towards it, then maybe it is at least making them realize that there is still conflict out there in the world. Conflict that many people may not be aware of because it does not generate news headlines. And maybe, just maybe, people can learn more about them and work out where they should focus their efforts in promoting peace.
Each year, the world celebrates World Peace Day. Obviously, this means many people start asking the question about why we need a specific day as a celebration of world peace, when it is something that we should be aiming for every single day. Well, the answer is quite simple.
World peace
World Peace Day exists so that we can create awareness of certain issues which are impacting peace around the world. Issues that most people will not think about normally, either because they do not know how to do anything about them, or they are simply not told that they exist. For example; in 2019, World Peace Day is dedicated to climate change. In previous years, it has been dedicated to specific work that the UN has carried out over the years.
World Peace Day
World Peace Day exists so that we can create awareness of certain issues which are impacting peace around the world. Issues that most people will not think about normally, either because they do not know how to do anything about them, or they are simply not told that theWhen World Peace Day rolls around, you will start to notice that there are various events held in many, many countries around the world. While some of them are nothing more than a social event, others discuss proper social issues. They raise awareness of conflicts around the globe which may have fallen out of our minds, and may never have existed in the first place.
World Peace Day aims to show that peace is not something that we can think about and then it happens. Peace, just like most things in this life, is something that needs to be worked towards. On the day, people share ideas about achieving peace in the world. They donate money. They are simply more active than they would normally be. This is on top of the other ‘events’ that may be happening. For example; the UN encourages ceasefires on World Peace Day, which has actually helped to stopped certain armed conflicts, or allowed UN workers to deliver aid to certain places.
Sure, we are not going to achieve peace just by celebrating this day. But, it does allow people to take a more proactive approach to improving this planet, and that is a fantastic ‘first step’.y exist. For example; in 2019, World Peace Day is dedicated to climate change. In previous years, it has been dedicated to specific work that the UN has carried out over the years.
10 Examples of Sustainable Development
News about Amazon rainforest fires were going viral on the web recently and the situation is just deteriorating because of human activities such as mining and deforestation. This is where sustainable development plays a significant role to effectively balance our social and environmental needs to eventually give every single one of us a better, cleaner and safer world to live in. Despite number of organizations were already established to improve the overall quality of environment in Africa, it is undoubtedly written in the list of underdeveloped countries due to its low per capita income and high rate of unemployment.
Locations like Africa are the ones we should really first pay attention to.
1.
Crop Rotation Process of planting various types of plants on the same land over the seasons as different plants take up different nutrients from the soil and so the same type of nutrient wouldn’t deplete through the effective use of crop rotation,which reduces the use of fertilizers that cause water pollution.
2.Solar Energy Converting light energy to electrical energy using solar cells is totally environmental-friendly and it is already intensively being used in sunshine places like Africa and China(check out the panda-shaped solar farm).
3.Water Treatment Despite 71% of Earth is covered with water, CLEAN water is still in demand in Africa. So please take actions by saving just half a bottle of water everyday.
4.Quality Education Going to school seems like a chore for every students but do keep in mind that with proper education, the difference that knowledge could bring to the world is unimaginable.
5.Gender Equality Education should also be provided to women, although this is the most fundamental part of improving our lives and yet it is still difficult for some of us to fully adapt to this particular belief.
6.Good Health Clean water and healthy food should be emphasized more in Africa as they are essential to their and our own survival on the planet.
7.Poverty Programs that provide food assistance and jobs opportunities are vital to constructively eliminate poverty over the globe.
8.Sustainable Construction Buildings that make use of resources made from recycled materials can effectively reduce harmful emissions.
9.Green spaces Including some green plants in places like South Africa as they can reduce heat transfer in buildings.
10.Peace With ongoing conflicts happening in Africa, projects of sustainable development aren’t going to contribute much so restricting them from occurring is one of the key steps.
Sustainable development is a human effort to improve the quality of life while still not supporting the life-supporting ecosystem. Today the problem of sustainable development has been carried out as an important issue that needs to socialize in the community. From the various concepts available, there are formulations of the basic principles of each element of sustainable development. In this case, there are four components to consider, namely, equity, diversity, integration, and long-term perspective.
Development That Guarantees Equity and Social Justice
Equity-oriented development and social justice must base on things such as the equitable distribution of land resources and sustainable developmentfactors of production, the equal role, and opportunities of women, the equitable distribution of the economy with a balanced distribution of welfare. But equity is not something that can be directly achieved. Equity is a concept, relative, and not directly measurable.
Development Respects Diversity
Biodiversity preservation is a prerequisite for ensuring that natural resources are available for the present and the future in a sustainable manner. Biodiversity is also the foundation for the equilibrium of ecosystems. Maintaining cultural diversity will foster equitable treatment for all and enhance understanding of the traditions of different cultures.
Development Using an Integrative Approach
Sustainable development prioritizes the human-nature connection. Human beings have a positive or harmful effect on natureandquot; utilizing an understanding of the relationship between natural systems and social systems. By using this understanding, the implementation of more integrative development is the concept of development implementation that can be made possible. It is a major challenge in the institution.
Development That Requests a Long-Term Perspective
Communities tend to value the present more than the future; the implications of sustainable development are the challenges underlying this assessment. Sustainable development requires an assessment that is different from the normal assumptions in the discounting procedure. Long-term perception is a perspective of sustainable development. Until now, the short-term framework has dominated the thinking of economic decision-makers and therefore needs to be considered.
Finally, as a simple concept but covering a broad dimension, the search for a concept of sustainability that meets the expectations of all parties will continue. It hoped that the development of existing concepts and models will always emerge.
What causes a person to be a refugee?
We are hearing a lot these days about the “refugee crisis” or “the refugees”. It seems like a lot of people are moving from one country to another or from one part of the country to another for fear of their lives.
But, what exactly is a “refugee”? What makes someone a refugee, are there different types ? Why are they fleeing their countries to go to another one or fleeing their homes for the bushes? In this article we will explain quickly and in an understandable manner who are the persons considered refugees and the different types.
When families are forced to flee their homes or countries, one of the greatest casualties are children. Children suffer in many ways; socially, developmentally and most importantly educationally. Most refugees flee into areas that are inhospitable with little to no availability to schools.
In Douala Cameroon there are a lot of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from Southern Cameroon. Most IDPs are without work and with school age children. And they depend on families and NGOs for their livelihood. In comes Change Care Foundation an international community-based, not for profit organization delivering humanitarian and development programs. Their main areas of work are Humanitarian services, women and youth empowerment, literacy and education, community healthcare and sanitation.
Recently Change Care Foundation donated books pens pencil and backpacks to over 100 internally displaced children in Douala Cameroon. These children are very eager to go back to school and were very appreciative of the supplies.
A refugee is someone that is being persecuted in their home country for reasons of race, religion, political opinion, membership of a social class or nationality, so they need to leave their home country and ask for protection in another one in which they might not be able to stay otherwise because they don’t have all the legal documents which would grant them the permission to stay.
There is also refugees that are fleeing from war or violence. This is one of the types we are hearing the most about: the refugees coming from Syria are fleeing from the war happening there. This is also the type most refugees in west Cameroon fit this type of refugee: they are fleeing violent terrorist organizations like Boko Haram, and the political instability in their own countries. Right now, Cameroon has a refugee population of about 10,000 and 6 refugee centers, but the aid and funding they are receiving is meager and not enough to care properly for the refugee population.
So, the “refugee crisis” is a very serious human crisis that is causing a lot of people to have to leave their homes and take up the refugee status due to different reasons, the most common one being political instability, war or violence.
The Importance of Recording the Horrors of Sexual Abuse in Conflict Zone
Sadly, sexual abuse continues to be used as a weapon of violence in conflict zones around the world. For example, the report from the United Nations Commission of Inquiry cited the case of Syria where women and children are being victimized by perpetrators of conflict. A whole generation of Syrians, especially women and children, are severely affected physically and mentally by these unacceptable crimes.
Thousands are struggling with teenage pregnancy
Young mothers who are rape victims are in a dilemma. Will you raise a child who may remind you of a painful experience? In this view, it is crucial for international organizations such as the United Nations and leading governments like the United States and the United Kingdom to intensify their efforts to help the victims.
Immediate assistance should be given to pregnant women to ensure that they are healthy. Because of sexual abuse, somesexual violence pregnant women are inflicted by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which endanger the lives of mothers and their unborn children. Aside from urgent medical intervention, psychological help should also be given to victims of sexual violence. Wounds and infections can be healed, but it takes a lot of effort and compassion to heal a broken spirit. More volunteers are needed to commune with the victims. They need support from compassionate people who can uplift them and make them stronger to face the challenges ahead. But aside from physical and mental support, international organizations should also intensify their efforts to record the atrocities.
Careful and comprehensive documentation of these heinous crimes is crucial to make sure that perpetrators will be held accountable. No person deserves to experience sexual abuse. There are a lot of things we can do to make sure that people in conflict zones will stop living under fear. I hope that one day, we can really achieve long-lasting peace.
Teenage marriages are a larger factor than unwanted conceptions in many of the countries with the most teen pregnancies.
Pregnancy rates among teens worldwide are inclusive of teenage girls who become pregnant before reaching the age of 20, whether they are single or married. Due to many of the potential negative outcomes from it, teen pregnancy is seen as a major societal issue in the majority of countries worldwide today. Still, developing countries and industrialized countries have differing teenage pregnancy rates, largely due to the situations of the mothers often involved. Teen pregnancy that occurs in North America and Western Europe tends to involve unmarried women. The majority of teen pregnancy in developing countries, however, occur in married teenage girls.
The Highest Rates Found in Africa
Today, countries in Africa have the highest teen pregnancy rates in the world. The country of Niger tops the list at 203.604 births per 100,000 teenage women. Going on down the line following Niger are Mali(175.4438), Angola (166.6028), Mozambique (142.5334), Guinea (141.6722), Chad(137.173), Malawi (136.972), and Cote d’Ivoire (135.464). In several of these countries, teenage marriages are the major cause of subsequent teenage pregnancies. Baby mortality rates are also typically higher in these countries, due to both insufficient medical infrastructure and increased risks associated with these younger women bearing children. There are also the added burdens of malnutrition, famine, war and pestilence that are rampant across several countries making the top of this list. War in particular adds to teenage pregnancy rates due to the sad reality of the invading soldiers who rape local women.
Cultural Views on Abortion
Although today more and more countries have liberal abortion laws, outcomes differ because of access and attitudes. In Sweden, 70% of teenage pregnancies are aborted while only 26% end the same way in the United States. Another finding about abortion is that the higher the incidence of teen pregnancies in a country, the lower the abortion rates are compared to live birth. Abortion is almost unheard of in many of the countries at the top of this list.
The Effect of Teen Pregnancies
The children of teenage mothers are also disadvantaged themselves in a number of ways. First of all, infant mortality rates are higher among teenage mothers’ children. Due to an increased risk of developmental problems, these children often also have lessened motor and language skills in childhood than do their age-matched counterparts birthed by older mothers. For this reason, teenage pregnancy should be seen as a problem in need of addressing and action in developing nations and the developed world alike to secure better futures for children across the globe.
Teen Pregnancy Rates By Country
Rank | Country | Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 |
---|
1 | Niger | 203.60 |
2 | Mali | 175.44 |
3 | Angola | 166.60 |
4 | Mozambique | 142.53 |
5 | Guinea | 141.67 |
6 | Chad | 137.17 |
7 | Malawi | 136.97 |
8 | Cote d’Ivoire | 135.46 |
9 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 122.95 |
10 | Sierra Leone | 119.60 |
11 | Tanzania | 119.38 |
12 | Congo, Rep. | 119.23 |
13 | Madagascar | 117.49 |
14 | Uganda | 114.85 |
15 | Gambia, The | 113.58 |
16 | Nigeria | 111.89 |
17 | Liberia | 110.56 |
18 | Zimbabwe | 110.40 |
19 | Burkina Faso | 109.90 |
20 | Equatorial Guinea | 109.80 |
21 | Cameroon | 106.85 |
22 | Somalia | 105.20 |
23 | Gabon | 102.20 |
24 | Dominican Republic | 98.43 |
25 | Central African Republic | 93.22 |
Source: Worldatlas
“Today, we celebrate the young people, youth-led organizations, Governments and others who are working to transform education and uplift young people everywhere.” — UN Secretary-General António Guterres.
There are currently 1.8 billion young people between the ages of 10 and 24 in the world. This is the largest youth population ever. However, more than half of all children and adolescents aged 6-14 lack basic reading and maths skills, despite the fact that the majority of them are attending school. This global learning crisis threatens to severely hamper progress towards the SDGs.
12 August was first designated International Youth Day by the UN General Assembly in 1999, and serves as an annual celebration of the role of young women and men as essential partners in change, and an opportunity to raise awareness of challenges and problems facing the world’s youth.
2019 Theme: “Transforming education”
This year’s theme highlights efforts to make education more inclusive and accessible for all youth, including efforts by youth themselves. Rooted in Goal 4 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all” – International Youth Day 2019 will examine how Governments, young people and youth-led and youth-focused organizations, as well as other stakeholders, are transforming education so that it becomes a powerful tool to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Inclusive and accessible education is crucial to achieving sustainable development and can play a role in the prevention of conflict. Indeed, education is a ‘development multiplier’ as it plays a pivotal role in accelerating progress across all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, be it poverty eradication, good health, gender equality, decent work and growth, reduced inequalities, action on climate or peaceful societies. Education should lead to relevant and effective learning outcomes, with the content of school curricula being fit for purpose, not only for the 4th industrial revolution and the future of work, but also for the opportunities – and challenges – that rapidly changing social contexts bring.
The crucial role that quality education plays in youth development is well recognized. In addition, comprehensive youth development benefits society-at-large. However, what is less known is the fact that young people themselves are active champions of inclusive and accessible education. Youth-led organizations, as well as individual youth, together with various stakeholders and Governments, are concretely transforming education so that it becomes a fundamental tool both for sustainable development and for the full inclusion of various social groups. For example, youth-led organizations are transforming education via lobbying and advocacy, partnerships with educational institutions, the development of complementary training programs, etc.
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Ahead of the International Youth Day, UN DESA, in collaboration with UNESCO, will be calling for a transformation of our education systems to make them more inclusive, equitableand relevant for the 21st century realities.
With it now being estimated that 1 in 6 children globally are living in a conflict zone, it is harder than ever for youngsters to safely navigate their way to adulthood. Unfortunately, for females living in these zones, a big problem they face is teenage pregnancy.
For most people, their first thought when speaking about this would be that the girls are victims of sexual violence that shockingly seems to go hand in hand with conflict; and it’s true, many of these girls will suffer at the hands of soldiers and predators who take advantage of an unstable and helpless situation.
Lack of education
However, another big issue is education, there is a distinct correlation between teenage pregnancy and lack of education, and since education is minimal or often non-existent in conflict zones, this, in turn, adds to the number of teenage pregnancies. But, it is not only because these teens don’t know the consequences of sex, or how to have safe sex, but so many of these regions follow traditions from thousands of years ago that allow children to be forced to marry adults. If a country or region can’t have access to a good education, then traditions that we know to be extremely outdated, are enabled to stay.
This is clear when looking at the global statistics, for example, South Korea has for many years been the world’s most educated country, and they have the lowest number of teenage pregnancies. Whereas, the sub-Saharah countries in Africa, have all been in various degrees of conflict for a large number of years, and they are also the countries that have the highest recorded number of teenage pregnancies.
State of war
Unfortunately, the civilians in conflict zones must live in a vicious cycle; their region is in a state of war, which causes a vast decrease in education, and the absence of education increases the longevity and intensity of the conflict. And even if the conflict ends, the destruction left behind means there isn’t a stable enough economy to put money into education, and thus it continues.
The teenage pregnancy rate in Western countries is decreasing each year, due to the fact that in general, the West has more stability, less sexual crime, firm laws against marrying children, and resources to help educate the younger ones. The link between conflict zones and an increase in teenage pregnancy is clear.
What can the youth of Africa do to promote peace? For a very long period of time, most African countries have been affected by several conflicts. This sometimes causes a civil war. In the long-run, peace is disrupted. An environment that’s not peaceful is totally unbearable. It’s also not conducive for any form of productive activity to be carried on. The youth comprise the majority in these African countries. Therefore, society must embrace and empower them in order to promote peace in these countries.
PEACEBUILDING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION ACTIVITIES BY THE YOUTH
There’re several activities which the youth of Africa can engage in to promote peace in the country. Some of these include but aren’t limited to the following:
1. ORGANIZING PEACEFUL MOVEMENTS
Planning for these peaceful movements within the country greatly helps to promote peace. This is because people of different backgrounds, religions, tribes, and ethnicities come together and interact freely. Civil education is brought on board to teach people the importance of living in peace and harmony.
2. VOLUNTEER IN COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES
This can include participating in several activities within the community. Some of these activities include; visiting the sick in hospitals, cleaning the towns, visiting children homes, visiting the elderly, among others. This is a great way of giving back to society. Hence, it strengthens the relationship of people within the community and also promotes peace.
3. SUPPORT FELLOW TALENTED YOUTHS
A lot of youths have different talents. Some are talented in sports, music, and even art. Building a platform that can support these youths is also a great way of promoting peace in the society. This is because they will focus on their growth rather than engaging in crime, drugs and other harmful activities.
4. ATTEND BOTH LOCAL AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENT MEETINGS
Such meetings are held within the country occasionally. Therefore, the youth should purpose to attend them. Here, they’re able to listen to their leaders and also express their views on matters affecting them. This helps to create a bond between the government and the community. Hence, promoting peaceful co-existence within the community.
CONCLUSION. The above ways aren’t exhausted. The list is endless. The youth are always the main focus hence the community must also support them. A peaceful country gives people the opportunity to work well and promote its economic growth. Therefore, we all should be against violence.
Causes of Child Labor in Africa. Africa has often been described as a rising continent owing to the strong economic performance of some of her member states. But behind this veneer of economic progress lies stories of agony, dejection, and, alarmingly, widespread cases of child labor. Child labor, which mostly affects children from poor financial backgrounds, has been a complex issue that even political and executive establishments haven’t found a lasting solution. In Ethiopia, for example, up sixty-six percent often engage in child labor to supplement their families’ income. The 2002 ILO research further diverges that such children end up earning lower wages and miss out of a key process such as free education.
So, what causes child labor in Africa?
How the issue is fixed. Below are potential answers to these difficult but important topics on the plight of the African child. Causes of Child Labor in Africa Civil unrest While a majority of the African states have become more stable over the last decade, a countable number of states still grapple with the civil unrest that exposes children to evils such as sexual exploitation and child labor.
Some of the states such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Southern Sudan, and Somalia register widespread cases of child labor owing to the prolonged civil wars in those states. Poverty For children from challenging financial backgrounds, child labor is a necessary evil that helps put food on the table or supplements the family’s income. It isn’t uncommon for children in tasks such as picking coffee and tea in the farms during the weekends or during school holidays. It’s disheartening to note, though, that these children only earn a meager percentage of what adults would request for. Inadequate laws guarding children against labor exploitation While nearly every African state have laws that safeguard children against exploitation, few of these state have the right teams to implement the laws.
Often, those expected to enforce the laws turn to be the first violators or accomplices in the acts. It’s even worse in countries where corruption is widespread. Drought and resettlement For nomadic families, child labor is engraved in their culture. Children are responsible for taking care of animals and may even forego education for the fields. Resettlement also means a change of their way of life and often opens the room to child labor.
Final word While Africa has registered progress in many fronts, child labor still haunts authorities, policymakers, and communities at large. While there are many causes that may fan child labor, the above are the most common agents.
Change care foundation team went deep into the forest to visit some IDPs in the SW Region of Cameroon.
Change Care Foundation believe that, helping refugees/IDPs settle and integrate peacefully at a time of distrust and prejudice, is essential work. We’re so lucky where we live, but we’re so out of touch. Everyone’s mindset is made to feel that refugees/IDPs are a problem, but it’s more than that. They’re human beings, too. They were forced from their homes. Pa Tabi, an IDP in said this and I code “At least let us die here of the hunger rather than go back to our village and be killed like a chicken,” he said. They need food, medication, shelter, water.
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Change Care Foundation’s vision is to work with strategic partners to develop and implement programs that create economic opportunity, improve public health, and provide sustainable development and growth and service through provision of relief and essential supplies, strengthening capacities for self –help.
Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance to people who need help. It is usually short-term help until the long-term help by government and other institutions replaces it. Among the people in need are the homeless, refugees, and victims of natural disasters, wars and famines.
Importance of peacebuilding and conflict resolution. Even today in the 21st century, humans still cause each other pain and suffering. Reasons can vary, from religious intolerance to exploitation of natural resources. The reasons do not matter. War must never be acceptable. Here we’ll provide you with reasons why peacebuilding in conflict zones and conflict resolution, in general, are important.
Prosperity
Take the continent of Africa for example. It has been plagued with war for centuries. What are the results of that? Misery, poverty, and lack of development. Peacebuilding and conflict resolution are key factors in creating a prosperous society and people. There can be no prosperity while the sounds of bombs and bullets dominate the air.
Happiness
Only the most inhuman among us enjoy war, tension, and conflict. Most of us yearn for and deserve peace and cooperation. Conflict resolution leads to peace and understanding, making everyone happier and more satisfied.
Tolerance
Without tolerance, there will always be conflict. Tolerance increases through communication. Communication between two sides at war can only be achieved if they are motivated to reach an agreement and end the violence. If an agreement is reached, communication must continue, which is why peacebuilding in conflict zones is so important.
Children
Even if you think that the side you’re fighting against deserves to be eradicated, killed or defeated, would you say the children caught on the wrong side deserve the same? Is every one of your rockets, bombs or artillery shells going to hit the strategic non-civilian target? No, that’s not going to happen. There WILL be civilian casualties, and even one civilian casualty makes whatever it is you’re fighting for worthless. Children are always the ones who suffer in war zones. They do not understand why. They lose their mothers, their fathers, their whole families for a reason they cannot yet understand. Children are, literally, the future. Peacebuilding in conflict zones and conflict resolution are keys to providing the children caught in war zones with a happy, healthy childhood.
Hopefully, we’ve provided some insight and convincing reasons to help you see why peacebuilding in conflict zones and conflict resolution are crucial for creating a safe, normal environment.
Learn peace building and conflict resolution skills. Conflict is a fact of life, and conflict is inevitable. The conflict is not the same fight or argument. It is merely a difference of opinion and an opportunity for growth. Anyone with practical conflict management skills can turn disagreement or divergence into something positive, while a person with poor peacebuilding and conflict resolution skills are likely to be involved in conflicting relationships, both personally and professionally.
Not all are born with good peacebuilding skills, and not everyone learns these essential skills throughout their early life. Conflict management skills can take several vulnerable forms, including excessive aggression or excessive negativity.
In both cases, the inability to resolve the dispute effectively can be a significant obstacle to your life:
More aggressive people may be more likely to fight to get to things, and they are likely to prepare and upset others. They may be seen as authoritarian or authoritarian and may have difficulty maintaining positive relationships or progressing in their careers where they may consider themselves infiltrators. On the other hand, people who are too passive can succumb and end up without getting what they want. That can disrupt professional success and generate resentment in relationships. It can be seen as an exercise or ignored. They can always feel frustrated and never meet their needs.
People who avoid conflict altogether can also face problems, as they can allow small problems to become major problems, avoid expressing their needs and be ignored again or start feeling resentful. In any case, not equipped with the skills necessary to resolve the conflict can harm your life. It is good to use the correct steps to improve, solve conflict resolution problems, and learn to deal with conflict in a healthy way if you want to overcome these problems.
Learn peacebuilding and conflict resolution skills
Although you may not have excellent conflict resolution skills at this time, there are some steps you can take to learn these crucial skills. One option, of course, is to try to learn peacebuilding and conflict resolution skills using self-help books or other information available on the Internet. That is not usually the best way to learn these crucial skills. After all, it helps to get feedback and interact with others, both to learn skills more effectively and to have the motivation to continue the course. Another option, much better, is to attend seminars, workshops, and courses. With the help of professionals and other participants, you can get to the root of your dispute resolution problems. You can learn more about how you react in certain situations, and why, and can transform negative behaviors into positive behaviors.
The Forgotten Casualty
One unintended, and quite sadly overlooked, casualty of war is the education of the youth in a war torn region. Yes it is true that with images of mutilated bodies and videos of firefights in the city streets it is quite easy to overlook this issue. But death is sudden, final and wounds often heal. But the effects of poor (or a complete lack) of education last for the lifetime of those young people who are deprived of it.
War is a gruesome thing. And when it makes its way into the population centers the families who live there are forced away or forced into a place where leaving their home for anything non essential can be deadly. Young men are needed for the fighting, bombs are detonated in the streets, and schools are often closed. A scenario such as this not only exposes youth to the horrific trauma and human tragedy of war, but also deprives them of their education and all that comes with it. Knowledge that is essential to functioning as an adult in the modern world will not be provided to them. And these unfortunate young people will not be able to benefit from the vast amount of social development that happens within the walls of a school.
In these conflict addled regions education is often given in some form or fashion, but it is a stunted version if it is provided at all. And if a region is plagued by a conflict for a long period of time then the effects described above will be very lasting to the nation as a whole. Education is a casualty of war that is very easily overlooked, and for reasons that are quite obvious. But it is a factor that should not be overlooked. As its effects echo louder and longer than the detonation of any bomb.
Causes of child labor in Africa
Africa has been reported to have the largest number of child laborers, where numerous kids are forced to work in farms and factories. A lot of parents and guardians have subjected their children into doing hard works, therefore depriving them of their important rights such as; right to attend school, play and live a stately life. There are a lot of factors and causes of child labor in Africa.
Below are the reasons why child labor is rampant in Africa:
Poverty and lack of jobs
According to research done by The U.N in 2015, it was reported that more than half of the Africa population lives in poverty. This for the reason that many people are unemployed, therefore it has made many families subject their children to child labor so that they can raise some income to cater to family needs. It has seen many children drop out of school to look for work, therefore denying them their right to education.
Ignoring the law
Although there are laws in the countries, they are often ignored and not well implemented. This has lead to greater misuse and abuse of innocent kids. Unresponsiveness by the legislature and society has led to an increase in child labor in under-developed nations.
Lack of women support
The earlier notion that women should not be educated still exists in many countries women empowerment. It has seen many women deprived of education and forced to do domestic chores at a tender age. These societies believe that when a woman is educated, she will not fit into the customary role of being a housewife and giving birth to children. This thought drives child labor, and girls are forced to do household works from a very young age.
Migration
Numerous families migrate into cities, with prospects that they will find green pasture. This occurs because of the lack of adequate resources in rural areas. However, lack of jobs in urban areas too, makes these people subject kids to child labor so as to raise income.
Conclusion Child labor should be stopped; the government and the society, in general, ought to take tough measure s for any person who is found practicing child labor.
Education in conflict zones
War or any large scale conflict affects the formal and informal education processes in ways that are more or less obvious. A separation has to be made along the lines of the level of intensity of the particular conflict, keeping in mind that the state that existing infrastructure is in also plays an important role. Sometimes it can deteriorate to a similar point but the starting positions are not nearly the same and thus the impact of war is far from being identical.
The difficult task of educating after war
Another division is in regards to the longevity of the problem. There are of course immediate consequences but there are as well those that will exist still long after the conflict has stopped and will take years and decades to fully recuperate. A lot of children will start their formal schooling later in life and it will be left upon family members or friends to try to improvise and if at all possible take the difficult task of educating them to an extent possible in the given circumstances.
Faith in humanity
There were numerous cases recorded of local school teachers organising themselves against all odds armed only with tremendous willpower and faith necessary to overcome such conditions, The very faith in humanity comes to a test at times like these and still these people have it in themselves be so selfless and risk their very lives sometimes in order to give a chance to the young ones.
The sort of values imposed by the harsh reality so early on in their lives can be detrimental for their personal growth or at the very least leave them scared for life. Whenever such atrocities occur children are the ones that suffer the most and any bit that can help keep them away even mentally to a certain extent can be crucial for their future wellbeing and life prospects so the role of anyone involved in their sheltering can prove to be helpful in the long run.
Women empowerment Women for a long time have been denied various rights. They have been rated as assistants rather than participants in any endeavor. Despite the fact that things and the trend have changed in the meantime, it has not yet reached the desired level to make women and men equal. Earlier on, a lot of people saw women as helpers and their place was in the kitchen. However, the truth be told women should have the same opportunities as their male counterparts.
In many states, women empowerment has started taking shape. It has seen some injustices which were done to women end. Although gender violence is still widespread, industrialized countries are taking significant steps to curb these violations. Much as a lot of changes are taking place, a lot needs to be done to empower women and below are ways to empower women;
Let women take leadership roles
Women make the best leaders. Regardless of this accolade, they are denied this opportunity because of their gender. It is widely known that when a woman is given a leadership role, she acts as a pillar and helps champion the rights of a woman. She will install confidence and many people will as well see her potential. She will inspire a lot of women and young girls to take leadership roles without fear and be part of development.
Empowerment helps educate girls
A lot of communities don’t educate girls; many of these girls become oppressed by getting married at an early age. Women empowerment has seen these abuse and oppression end. When a woman is educated she is seen as a role model and a star in the whole community. She will always know her rights and help support other women by championing their rights.
Empowerment helps Women and Girls during a crisis
Several girls are exposed to abuse, sex trafficking, labor and numerous other horrible things that violate their rights. It is crucial to help such girls by eliminating these abuses and acts that diminish the girl. It is as well crucial to protect women and girls through counseling, medical assistance upon request and others. This will make girls and women grow to be honored and respected in society.
Importance of education in conflict zones
War is a condition of armed disagreement between states, social orders and temporary paramilitary meetings. It is often described as brutality, hostility, dismissal and extraordinary deaths using ordinary or unpredictable military forces. Combat refers to regular exercises and characteristics of war types or battles as a whole.
The privilege of education
Wars and conflicts can cause young people to be stranded, forced into the army, married at a young age, and subjected to sexual or malicious abuse. In April, UNICEF said 25 million children between the ages of 6-15 will attend classes in conflict zones in most countries. Education has never been more meaningful than it was in the middle of conflict zones.
How will young people reach their maximum capacity without education and contribute to the future and strength of their families, networks and economies. The lack of social skills, lack of education, loss of expectations, and the combination of childhood experience and satisfaction in a conflict zone regularly create conditions for young, radically displaced people.
In any case, without remarkable education, young people grow up without the basic knowledge that can contribute to a quiet, financially and politically stable society. Suspension of education in unrest areas is responsible for the adult loss of social responsibility individuals who are forced to become warriors and fighters rather than researchers and girls.
Death or elimination of educators and copies.
Model: Over 66% of teachers in primary and elective schools were executed or displaced for Rwanda’s approval.
Demolition and damage to schools and educational environment.
Models: Due to fights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, half of their schools required recreation and restoration activities; In Mozambique, 58% of primary schools were destroyed or closed due to their long polite wars.
Women Empowerment
Empowerment is a multidimensional social process that helps individuals and communities gain the required control over their lives. This process primarily supports the right power of the individuals they will use in their own way in their lives, communities and communities to eliminate the various problems. When this initiative aims to raise the level of the women’s community, this is referred to as the start of women. The empowerment of women to achieve gender equality is certainly the highest priority among many women empowerment programs in most countries around the world. It is also clear that gender disparities in developing countries are widespread in comparison to many developed countries.
The role of The Woman
In today’s world, women play an important role in a variety of fields, from scientific development and literature to financing and fierce competition in the social and economic fabric of dependency and poverty. Effective women empowerment includes a much larger set of rules, including effective participation in different development programs, and encouraging them to be independent and self-confident, to meet the challenges of living in a patriarchal society with courage and self-respect. Individual reinforcement can only be achieved if the individual has the ability to make decisions alone.
Modern woman
Modern women are aware of their rights and are able to make rational and educated decisions in all spheres of life. Including the continued struggle for the women empowerment in the social, political, economic and religious spheres. Because gender equality means that men and women in society have equal opportunities to reach the internationally agreed development goals. Modern women are not lost in the comfort areas of their homes. Today, women have become doctors, engineers, and scientists, and thus play an important role in society. They also enjoy the freedom of expression and expression without any restrictions. Most countries allow for a strong legal infrastructure that encourages and protects women from exploitation, such as dowry and marriage. The Government is constantly implementing legislation to raise awareness of its rights among women.
Family and community
If women are strengthened through economic, social, religious and political power, they will be more confident and express their thoughts without fear of laughing and being more effective in their actions. This may be good for him and his family and community, because he will participate in decisions that affect all of the above, and his decisions will depend on what is appropriate for everyone, not just. Providing training and education and mentoring programs that teach young girls, young women, and older women how to enter and live with themselves will lead to a big change in our society that will affect the world. A woman who is satisfied with her identity and learning to love herself and work with other women without fear of losing or envious will promote economic growth and allow women to be more progressive and thus affect every aspect of her life.
International Day in Support of Victims of Torture: UN human rights experts call for justice and rehabilitation
GENEVA June 25, 2019 – Victims of torture have a right to redress, including compensation and rehabilitation, the UN anti-torture mechanisms* said today ahead of the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, June 26. These mechanisms exist to help ensure justice is done and rehabilitation provided, they said, emphasizing that victims should be at the centre of the process.
“Timely identification and documentation of the physical and mental signs of torture is essential for securing the evidence necessary for investigation and prosecution and, ultimately, for obtaining justice in a court of law,” stated Nils Melzer, the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture.
The Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment assists competent authorities in ensuring that investigations are prompt, impartial, independent and thorough. The manual, known as the ‘Istanbul Protocol’, was drafted in 1999 and is being updated under the auspices of the four United Nations anti-torture mechanisms, leading civil society organizations and with the support of the United Nations Human Rights Office. It is expected to be published in 2020.
“The consistent application of the Protocol, including as a standard for investigation, is of paramount importance. A complaint over alleged torture may be superficially processed and rejected by authorities, but when the Protocol is complied with, added medical findings may provide critical evidence of the torture allegation and ensure justice to victims,” said Jens Modvig, Chairperson of the Committee against Torture.
The Manual provides guidance to medical, legal and other professionals who may encounter torture victims. The manual gives practical guidance concerning how to detect torture, even when scars are not visible, and how to interview survivors suffering trauma, in order to avoid further harm.
“The Istanbul Protocol helps early identification of victims, documentation of trauma and assessment of needs, so that health professionals, social workers, legal professionals and other service-providers can provide prompt and tailored care. Such holistic services can help a person function again in society and even flourish,” noted Mikolaj Pietrzak, Chairperson of the Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.
“The effective implementation of the Istanbul Protocol is vital to the prevention of torture. Ensuring that torture is identified and properly documented is essential if appropriate preventive measures are to be put in place. Its significance as a tool of prevention cannot be overstated”, emphasized Sir Malcom Evans, Chairperson of the Subcommittee on the Prevention of Torture.
*The UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, the UN Committee against Torture, the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the Board of Trustees of the UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture.
Sources: Yubanet
Factors of economic development
The developing country is a country with low income per capita income in developed countries. In humanitarian terms, developing countries tend to have poor populations in health care, low literacy skills, inadequate housing, and low-cost diets. Four key factors are the key to economic development, namely human resources, natural resources, the establishment of physical capital and technology.
Human resources:
Many poor countries are struggling to stay permanently. Even with the GDP growth of developing countries, the population is increasing. Therefore, it is a great task for these countries to overcome poverty at these high birth rates. The equitable distribution of wealth can not happen in the economy until it becomes sufficient for itself. The strategy will be to reduce the population. Even such acts are contrary to existing religious standards.
Natural Resources:
Some developing countries with scarce natural resources, such as land and minerals, need to divide available resources into a large population. Perhaps the most valuable land is arable land, where most people in developing countries work in agriculture, which is the basic economic activity.natural resources.
Rate. Note: – Nothing should be offered for free since free grants make them inactive and unpaid.increase populations can make a big difference in agriculture because the nation is unable to generate white collar for all especially jobs for the youth, and certainly increases the ability of young people to be regular employees as owners. Organic agriculture has found its place in the international market, and human capital in developing countries can be used to search for new strains that will facilitate the acquisition and development of the global market.
Capital formation:
Indicators of low product capital creation in developing countries, because income is so low that little can be saved in the future. Growth financing and physical capital in poor countries have always been an unstable cycle in the production mechanism. States must certainly apply a balanced and cautious approach when they intend to fund ambitious development programs because they will have to borrow from other developed countries or the World Bank.
Technological change and innovations:
This is often associated with new investments and new machinery. It provides many hopes for developing countries, where it can adopt more productive technologies for developed countries. This requires entrepreneurship. Let’s say that countries need to encourage rapid capital growth, technology does not respond to how to deploy these key components. The desire for rapid economic growth may be strong, but developing countries face many obstacles, such as political opposition, lack of technology, intensive capital markets, and so forth. Thus, the appropriate approach is to liberalize economic policy and allow foreign investors to enter the national environment, which will increase employment opportunities for local unemployed, jobs for the youth, and expose the domestic market to global competition.
A continent once predominantly associated with abject poverty and widespread civil strife is now embracing rapid economic growth and is garnering world attention while at it. There are several factors of economic development that has contributed to the explosive expansion of the African economy.
Growing Workforce
Africa is well on the way to become the home for half of the planet’s workforce by 2050 and would have a population four times larger in 2100 than it is now. This means that Africa will house the world’s largest workforce to propel exponential economic growth while the rest of the world’s first world countries would be struggling to keep up economically with their shrinking populations.
(United Nations, The Washington Post, The World Bank)
Burgeoning Middle Class
Between 2020 to 2050, the African continent is expected to overtake both China and India to contain the urban population in the world. Urbanization is closely related to astronomic leaps in real income per person, which has jumped by 30% in the last decade. This means more Africans are expected to join the middle-class socioeconomic strata and have the disposable income to fuel economic development in Africa, which is currently estimated to be about one-third of the continent’s population. By 2060, this is expected to soar to more than a billion people.
(United Nations, The Economist, The World Bank, Quartz)
Increase in Access to Credit
Earning more disposable income cannot translate to economic growth if the people lack access to credit. But the advent of mobile banking has transformed the financial landscape in Africa as one of the factors of economic development, specifically as an instrument of payment. For instance, in 3 years from 2011 to 2014, 43% percent of Kenyans have adopted mobile banking to transfer funds, amounting to a whopping $23 million. Today, Kenyans have unprecedented access to credit that has nurtured a favorable economic climate for entrepreneurship. Along with Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe have also allowed their people a greater range of access to credit.
(Quartz, Buzzfeed)
The 16th of June is International Day of the African Child and Youth.
The day has been celebrated annually since 1991 when it was initiated by the Organisation of African Unity, now known as the African Union. It honors young people who were massacred in Soweto, South Africa, on June 16, 1976, by the apartheid security forces.
All over Africa, the day is used to raise awareness of the continued need for the improvement of the education provided to African children. The theme for this year is “Humanitarian Action in Africa: Children’s Rights First”. Humanitarian actions are mainly offered to assist those who have no power or abilities on their own to seek and acquire basic amenities for everyday living while upholding their human dignity. It is estimated that there are at least 13.5 million African children who have been displaced from their homes through conflicts, climate change, and poverty and are in need of humanitarian help. These children live as refugees, migrants or internally displaced persons, existing from day to day without the facilities and opportunities to fulfill their potentials in life. The figures become more worrisome when Orphaned and Vulnerable children are added to the total.
1. Empowering girls and young women is not an ‘option’ for modern society — it should have already happened a long time ago. The following are some ways we can all help empower young women and girls to be the best that they can be. Provide education
If you educate girls, you give them the power to conquer the world. An educated girl or young woman knows her rights. An educated woman can perform a job with her acquired skills. She will be able to take care of herself without being reliant on anybody. Education is among the activities for women’s empowerment that lays a foundation for how far a lady can go with her life.
2. Women empowerment should begin at the family level. Whether it is your wife or daughter, let them feel valued and equal to everyone else. Whether in the neighborhood or office, support women who need assistance and let them know that you care.
3.Invest in small businesses owned by women
All over the world, small business owners are challenged with raising capital. Women are particularly disadvantaged due to historical or cultural reasons. Support a hardworking woman entrepreneur by way of advancing grants or a small loan. It can make a big difference.
4. . Be a mentor to a girl child
Reach out to a girl in your community or wherever your heart is and be a source of encouragement. Girls in every society are impacted by violence, drugs, and bad influences. Your act of reaching out could be the saving grace in the life of a young girl.
5. Help young program, in a youth engagement program that will push them to learn and acquire a skill
With the right skills, a young woman will be self-reliant, independent and strong. With the right mentorship from a youth engagement program, girls can take part in activities for women’s empowerment and also mentor other girls in their locality. This initiative should be taken to every area no matter how remote so that each and every girl or young woman benefits from such programs. Youth engagement services should also be accessible to every girl and young woman wherever they are. These youth engagement services will teach young women how to tackle life’s challenges and live a more productive life. If you instill the right values in a girl child when she is still young, she will grow up into a strong woman. Girls’ education can make a lifelong difference to not only an individual’s life but to the larger society.
Theme: “Now More Than Ever, We Need to Stand with Refugees”
World Refugee Day 2019 is June 20th. This is an annual event, held on the same date each year, and 2019 is the 19th year of the event, with the ongoing Anglophone crises in the NW and SW Regions of Cameroon, Change Care Foundation stands with refugees. This event is about raising global awareness of global responsibility for refugees.
World Refugee Day honors the strength and courage of refugees and encourages public awareness and support of the refugees, people who have had to flee their homelands because of conflict or natural disaster.
Refugees are vulnerable and in need, and are often misunderstood and maligned, and often have very little or nothing of their possessions and little food, they often have to leave their homes with nothing or with what they can carry. They suffer cold, hunger, trauma, despair, disease, violence and loss. The awareness day is to help public understanding of refugees as well as raising support and help.
Across the world, agencies, both governmental and non-governmental, work tirelessly to help refugees, but with people being made refugees daily, more help and awareness is constantly needed, to ensure that refugees are treated fairly and provided for, rather than being neglected or shunned, and there are projects to re-settle and provide for refugees. So World Refugee Day highlights all of this. And now it also marks the launch of the ‘With Refugees’ petition, which will state the needs and potential rights of refugees.
Theme: “Now More Than Ever, We Need to Stand with Refugees” #StandWithRefugees
Human Rights
The human rights of female children in Cameroon and elsewhere, even when protected on paper, are violated in practice. An equitable and egalitarian world order must be established. Girls are subjected to female infanticide, feticide, lack of social and economic development, burdensome domestic work, early marriage and childbearing, neglect and denial of healthy living conditions, sexual abuse and exploitation, prostitution, rape, and a denial of their right.
Violence against women
Violence against women can fit into several broad categories. These include violence carried out by “individuals” as well as “states”. Some of the forms of violence perpetrated by individuals are: rape, sexual harassment, domestic violence. as well as harmful customary or traditional practices such as forced marriage, dowry violence, female genital mutilation, breast ironing and marriage by abduction. Regardless of whether it is physical, emotional or takes some other form, abuse often follows an escalating pattern in which the controlling behaviors worsen over time.
International organizations operating in Cameroon such as United Nations Population Fund, UNICEF, WHO, UNAIDS, UNDP as well as local non governmental organizations such as the Association for the Fight against Violence on the Women, the Cameroon Association of Female Jurists, etc. have been actively engaged in the advancement of women and the fight against violence carried on them;
Causes of Gender Based Violence
Studies on violence combine demographic, behavioral and socio-economic factors with the general attitude of the society towards gender based violence. The study on the situation of gender based violence in Cameroon dwells on socio-cultural norms, lack of awareness by women of their rights and available remedies for poverty.
Politically, GBV may be caused among other things by sexist prejudices and stereotypes, bringing about the idea of inferiority and/or inability of women. This is what justifies discrimination against women and their low representation in decision making positions at both national and international levels.
Economic dependence
From an economic perspective, the low access to resources and their control, the economic dependence of women vis-à-vis the men are favorable factors to the exercise of all forms of violence and exploitation against women. Our habits and customs tolerate some violence specific to women as it the case with the husband’s right of correction, the practice of FGM (Female Genital Mutilation), early marriage and levirate.
Violence is thus explained by age, educational level, difference in perception of man and woman, differences in societal expectations regarding men and women, different perceptions of life, love, relationship intimacy and marital life, a single ended and complementary communication, the low representation of women in spheres of decisions. Violence can also be explained by the tolerance it receives from men and women themselves.
What is Child labor
The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines child labor as work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
Consequences of child labor
Children are exposed to accidental and other injuries at work. They should thus be protected to prevent social, economic and physical harm, which persist to affect them during their lifetime. Such injuries include.
General child injuries and abuses like cuts, burns and lacerations, fractures, tiredness and dizziness, excessive fears and nightmares.
Sexual abuse, particularly sexual exploitation of girls by adults, rape, prostitution, early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS, drugs and alcoholism.
Physical abuse that involve corporal punishment, emotional maltreatment such as blaming, belittling, verbal attacks, rejection, humiliation and bad remarks.
Emotional neglect such as deprivation of family love and affection, resulting in loneliness, and hopelessness.
Physical neglect like lack of adequate provision of food, clothing, shelter and medical treatment.
Lack of schooling results in missing educational qualifications and higher skills thus perpetuating their life in poverty.
Competition of children with adult workers leads to depressing wages and salaries.
Apart from the above, lack of opportunity for higher education for older children deprives the nation of developing higher skills and technological capabilities that are required for economic development/transformation to attain higher income and better standards of living.
The impact of war on children
War affects children in all the ways it affects adults, but also in different ways. First, children are dependent on the care, empathy, and attention of adults who love them. Their attachments are frequently disrupted in times of war, due to the loss of parents, extreme preoccupation of parents in protecting and finding subsistence for the family, and emotional unavailability of depressed or distracted parents. The child may be in substitute care with someone who cares for him or her only slightly – relatives or an orphanage. A certain proportion of war-affected children lose all adult protection – “unaccompanied children,” as they are known in refugee situations.
Second, impacts in childhood may adversely affect the life trajectory of children far more than adults. Consider children who lose the opportunity for education during war, children who are forced to move into refugee or displaced person camps, where they wait for years in miserable circumstances for normal life to resume, if it ever does. Consider a child disabled in war; they may, in addition to loss of a limb, sight, or cognitive capacity, lose the opportunity of schooling and of a social life. A girl who is raped may be marginalized by her society and lose the opportunity for marriage. Long after the war has ended, these lives will never attain the potential they had before the impact of war.
How did child labor affect children’s lives?:
Death
Hundreds of thousands of children die of direct violence in war each year. They die as civilians caught in the violence of war, as combatants directly targeted, or in the course of ethnic cleansing.
Injury
Children suffer a range of war injuries. Certain weapons affect them particularly. A landmine explosion is more likely to kill or seriously injure a child than an adult . Thousands of children suffer landmine injuries each year.
Disability
Millions of children are disabled by war, many of whom have grossly inadequate access to rehabilitation services. A child may have to wait up to 10 years before having a prosthetic limb fitted. Children who survive landmine blasts rarely receive prostheses that are able to keep up with the continued growth of their limbs.
Illness
Conditions for maintenance of child health deteriorate in war – nutrition, water safety, sanitation, housing, access to health services. There may be loss of immunity to disease vectors with population movement. Refugee children are particularly vulnerable to the deadly combination of malnutrition and infectious illness. There is also interruption of population immunization programs by war which may be responsible for increases in child mortality.
Rape and prostitution for subsistence
These phenomena which often occur in situations of war, ethnic cleansing, and refugee life leave lasting physical impacts in sexually-transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, psychological impacts and changes in life trajectory.
Psychological suffering
Children are exposed to situations of terror and horror during war – experiences that may leave enduring impacts in posttraumatic stress disorder. Severe losses and disruptions in their lives lead to high rates of depression and anxiety in war-affected children. These impacts may be prolonged by exposures to further privations and violence in refugee situations.
Moral and spiritual impacts
The experience of indifference from the surrounding world, or, worse still, malevolence may cause children to suffer loss of meaning in their construction of themselves in their world. They may have to change their moral structure and lie, steal, and sell sex to survive. They may have their moral structure forcibly dismantled and replaced in training to kill as part of a military force.
Social and cultural losses
Children may lose their community and its culture during war, sometimes having it reconstituted in refugee or diaspora situations.
Child soldiers
It is estimated that there are tens of thousands of young people under 18 serving in militias in about 60 countries. They are particularly vulnerable to all of the impacts listed above.
Change Care Foundation workshop on Women and Peacebuilding in Cameroon
With the ongoing crises in the NW and SW west Regions of Cameroon, CCF held a workshop on women in peace-building. The situation in the anglophone regions of Cameroon is becoming increasingly desperate, with no one spared from the violence, which is out of control.
Women and girls suffered disproportionately during and after the war, as existing inequalities were magnified, and social networks broke down, making them more vulnerable. More men
than women die as a direct consequence of armed conflict; women tend to be victims of wartime rapes, become refugees, and suffer displacement and deprivation.M en are more
involved than are women in the decision to go to war; however, women play a number of roles in war-torn societies, including roles that support and sustain the war effort.
Women are often the worst affected by conflict. They often become targets of sexual violence, their husbands and children may be killed – leaving them without support. As the battlefield moves increasingly to the village and the town, women themselves are often the majority of casualties of war.
But women are central in the fight for peace. When men of fighting age have disappeared to war, women become the heads of household, conservers of the community and re-builders of the economy. Women are also highly effective peace-builders if given the opportunity.
The 1995 Platform for Action and the Beijing Declaration:
The Platform for Action, adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, described itself as an agenda for women’s empowerment. Under its section on Women in Armed Conflict, it clearly set out six strategic objectives aimed at increasing “the participation of women in conflict resolution at decision-making levels” and urged governments, as well as international and regional international institutions, “to integrate gender perspectives in the resolution of armed or other conflicts and foreign occupation.
Women can change society. They can help end war, and bring about lasting peace. It’s time they get the chance to do so.
Change care Team Cameroon visited St Blaise Clinic Bamenda on the 2nd of April 2018 and supported Janice a vulnerable teenage mother who gave birth through cesarean section and was discharged 2days ago but could not go home because she could not pay her bills.Thanks to Change Care her bills were paid and she is back home.
Change care Foundation reaching out to Internally displaced persons(IDPs) the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon.
The ongoing crisis in the NW and SW Regions of Cameroon has caused refugee flows into neighboring countries such as Nigeria. According to UNHCR 20.000 thousand refugees have registered with UNHCR as of April 2018. In addition, there are 160.000 displaced persons in the NW and SW regions of Cameroon. The figures are now much higher especially given the burning down of homes, towns and villages. IDPs are hiding in the forests, bushes, caves and hills.
Following the rising and enormous effects of this crisis on the displaced population, CCF took interest to provide emergency humanitarian supports necessary and critical for the survival and safety of families displaced from various villages/Towns within the North West and South-West Regions of Cameroon. On this note, CCF is embarking on series of projects, ranging from distribution of food and non-food items to provision of shelter and health care services, just to name a few.
In April 2018, this project phase was designed and has begun with ten IDPs families o in villages within the North West and South West Region. Bamenda Nkwen, Mankon, Kom, Ndop, Banso, Nkambe, Muyuka, Ekona , Kumba, Buea, Mamfe.
The Challenges
The challenges that Internally displaced persons(IDPs) face? People forced to flee or leave their homes – particularly in situations of armed conflict – are generally subject to heightened vulnerability in a number of areas. Displaced persons suffer significantly higher rates of mortality than the general population.They also remain at high risk of physical attack, sexual assault and abduction, and frequently are deprived of adequate shelter, food and health services.
The overwhelming majority of internally displaced persons are women and children who are especially at risk of abuse of their basic rights. More often than refugees, the internally displaced tend to remain close to or become trapped in zones of conflict, caught in the cross-fire and at risk of being used as pawns, targets or human shields by the belligerents.
It is often logistically challenging to provide humanitarian assistance to IDPs. A majority of them do not live in camps, but are dispersed among local communities, making it difficult to identify IDP populations and their needs. IDPs may also be inaccessible to humanitarian organisations due to factors such as their fear of being identified by authorities, or their continuous movement from place to place.
Displacement has a particularly traumatic impact on children, often placing them in high-risk circumstances that put them in idpsneed of specific protection measures. Many internally displaced children lose access to education, and many are also at risk of sexual violence or forced recruitment into armed groups.
Context-specific factors, which can significantly affect the success of interventions for IDPs. These include the capacity and willingness of national and local institutions to receive aid for IDPs or the accessibility of legal and protective institutions; and factors specific to the internally displaced population, such as the resources and social capital of the displaced, or the presence of pre-existing vulnerabilities.
We work in areas in of humanitarian crises by helping people seriously affected by conflict and disaster. Our specific area of focus in this regard is the thousands of people displaced from their homes and communities by the two-year old conflict in the NW and SW Regions of Cameroon, the neglected conflict area in Africa but which also deserves humanitarian intervention.
We support refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) with
medication
Temporary shelter
Water supply
Sanitation facilities
Food
Psycho-social counseling
Educational supplies for and effective teaching for displaced children
Family and community resettlement
Family reconstitution
Community reconstruction
Reconciliation and harmonious community living.
Business set up
Library creation
The Good Shepherd Home for Children is an orphanage located in the foothills of the North West Province in Cameroon, West Africa. It is home to about 150 children run by Catholic Sisters.
Change Care Foundation picked Good Shepherd among other orphanages to visit because of the Sisters dedication in raising fully rounded children. Children are spiritually and physically grounded. Great emphasis is placed on education and personal hygiene. Change Care Foundation visited Good Shepherd with a love package of food and essential toiletries.
Just like in other communities around the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon, the impact of the ongoing crises is enormous on the economy of the country and worst on the local populations in villages. As a result of this, Change Care Cameroon was part of a workshop and a data collection exercise for a humanitarian response.
A rough assessment during the current crisis in the North West Region of Cameroon so far identifies the following problems that need urgent attention:
Shortage of food due to increased consumption as households have increased with Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
Overcrowded shelters as host communities lack centres to host IDPs so are forced to host them in their homes with very little resources/facilities like beds, blankets, beddings, washing soap etc to cater for them
Children are out of schools as some schools have been burnt down. Even in the host communities, these children can’t continue schooling as they can’t afford the school fees and provide the necessary learning material needed.
Healthwise, due to poor feeding as people flee to relocate in different places, there are recorded cases of malnutrition among children. Diseases such as diarrhea, malaria, typhoid and respiratory tract infections are common. Due to the tensions that combats between the military many civilians have sustained wounds, fractures injuries and gunshots. Community health structures are poorly equipped to handle such cases.
Water and sanitation have also been major concerns as small villages received an influx of IDPs bearing too much pressure on host communities in terms of hygiene. There is a lot of open-air defecation and water sources are contaminated. It should be noted that these local communities do not have pipe borne water and rely on the flowing streams and rivers or open unprotected wells for water. Worst still many villagers do not have latrines in their compounds and those who have practiced the simple hole method behind their homes expose their food and environment to be contaminated by germs.
The above impact assessment indicates the level of need and vulnerability of the local populations in the face of the Anglophone crisis.
CHANGE CARE IS THEREFORE SOLICITING FOR ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE THE NEEDED HELP TO THESE COMMUNITIES WHOSE LIVELIHOODS ARE UNCERTAIN IN THE COMING DAYS.